Graphene, a single layer of graphite, is the thinnest material that people have ever made and it can be produced—surprisingly very easily—by using a sticky tape on your own desk. Even more remarkably, it can also be seen by an optical microscope once it is placed on a right kind of substrate (note that it is only one-atom-thin). Moreover, graphene layers with different thickness can also be produced whose thickness can be further determined by an optical microscope as well in an atomic precision. In this project, we will first develop and explore the relevant theoretical model for this remarkable property of graphene and carry out the experiments to verify the model. By doing so, the student will not only learn the basic concepts of classical optics but will also experience how to exfoliate graphene flakes on substrates and how to analyze their optical contrasts.