Achievements & Activities
Research Highlights

  • The light induced material deposition (LIMD) method won gold medal in International Exhibition of Inventions Geneva
     

    Geneva

    Caption: (left) Prototype machine of direct laser writing system. (middle) Patterns wrote with light induced material deposition (LIMD) method in gold and platinum. The blue scale bar represents 25 micron.

     

    The foundation of high-performance chip manufacturing lies in the precise patterning of microscale and nanoscale material structures. Currently, the predominant technique utilized is photolithography, which involves a complex series of steps including spin coating of photoresist, positioning, exposure, developing, evaporation deposition, electroplating, and lift-off processes. These procedures must be executed in a meticulously clean environment and require costly equipment such as mask aligners and vapor deposition machines. In light of these challenges, we have proposed and developed a groundbreaking technology known as single-step laser direct writing. This innovative method combines two key elements: laser-induced optical trapping and light-induced chemical reduction reactions. By preparing an "ink" and utilizing a regular confocal laser scanning microscope platform, we are able to achieve high-precision material deposition in a single step. This approach offers significant simplification to the fabrication of electronics, particularly in the production of chips and flexible devices incorporating 2D materials.

     

  • New type of quantum phase transition in 2D interacting Dirac electrons beyond Landau-Ginzburg paradigm
     

    New type

    Caption: Using nonlocal probes such as the disorder operator and entanglement entropy, we reveal that the symmetric mass generation is an unconventional quantum phase transition beyond the traditional paradigm, and it corresponds to a true 2+1d conformal filed theory. The model and computation are performed on a honeycomb lattice and with electronic interaction which might be found in quantum moire material. Adopted from Phys. Rev. Lett. 132.156503 (2024).

     

    For 2D interacting electrons such as those in twisted bilayer graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, the normal fate upon changing the control parameters such as gating, twisted angle and electronic and magnetic fields, is to go through phase transitions to various symmetry-breaking phases, such as superconducting, charge-density wave or (fractional) Chern insulator phases. However, is there the possibility that the Dirac fermions in such systems can go into insulating phase without invoking the traditional path of spontaneous symmetry breaking? The answer is affirmative and such transition is coined as symmetric mass generation (SMG). SMG is discovered in recent years has attracted great interest from both condensed matter and high energy theory communities. During the SMG transition, the interacting Dirac electrons acquire a gap without any concomitant spontaneous symmetry breaking, and it is hence beyond the conventional Landau-Ginzburg paradigm of phase transitions. One important question we address in this paper is whether the SMG transition corresponds to a true unitary conformal field theory. We employ the sharp diagnosis including the scaling of disorder operator and Rnyi entanglement entropy in large-scale lattice model quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Our results strongly suggest that the SMG transition is indeed an unconventional quantum phase transition and it should correspond to a true (2+1)d unitary conformal field theory. With our findings, the strongly correlated electrons in 2D quantum moire materials, will have a new destiny, awaiting to be further explored both theoretically and experimentally.

     

  • Ballistic transport spectroscopy of spin-orbit-coupled bands in monolayer graphene on WSe₂
     

    Ballistic

    Caption: Ballistic transverse magnetic focusing (TMF) in graphene-WSe2 heterostructures. (a) Sample characteristics and measurement scheme. (b) TMF spectroscopy that shows the splitting of the first focusing peak in a good agreement with calculation using the spin-orbit-coupling strength of 13.9 meV. Inset: carrier trajectories for the first and second focusing peaks (top left and bottom right, respectively). Adopted from Nature Communications 14, 6124 (2023).

     

    Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) provides unique capabilities to control spin by moving electrons around or turn electron trajectories by rotating spin. Here we show that using WSe2 as a substrate, one can induce strong SOC in graphene while simultaneously achieving ballistic transport where electron trajectories can be tuned by external parameters such as magnetic fields. We demonstrate this by measuring ballistic transverse magnetic focusing (TMF) from which we find the spectroscopic evidence of the large SOC strength, ~13 meV, in the system and probe electron dynamics that are sensitive to the edge scattering and temperature. Our study illustrates, unambiguously, that it is now possible to exploit a variety of highly-tunable ballistic transport effects in graphene, such as TMF, Veselago lensing, Fabry-Pérot interference, and more, to control or detect spin by turning ballistic electron motion. This adds graphene van der Waals heterostructures as one of the promising material platforms in the field of ballistic spin-orbitronics. This work is published on Nature Communications 14, 6124 (2023).

     

  • Intrinsic Nonlinear Hall Effect and Gate-Switchable Berry Curvature Sliding in Twisted Bilayer Graphene
     

    Intrinsic

    Caption: Second harmonic Hall effect tunable with vertical electric field and filling in 1.30° twisted bilayer graphene (TBG). (a) Measured second harmonic Hall voltage. (b) Calculated Berry curvature dipole Λ≡∑n∫k∂ƒ0Ωn with 0.3% uniaxial strain. Adopted from Supplemental Material of Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 066301 (2023).

     

    Berry curvature, which is usually cumulated at band edge, is believed to contribute to anomalous velocity as well as anomalous transport (i.e., beyond Drude model). Commonly, distribution of Berry curvature is stable within dispersive bands if there is no gap close-reopen topological phase transition. This means anomalous transport should not be sensitive to perturbation of bands dispersion. However, this is not the case within topological flat bands. In TBG away from ‘magic angle‘ , the bands near charge neutrality are less dispersive and the correlation effect does not dominate. Here, we find the second harmonic Hall effect is sensitive to the sliding Berry curvature under tuning of vertical electric field. As shown in the figure above, numerical calculation (b) matches well with the experimental observation (a). Our results confirm nonlinear Hall effect can be used to detect Berry curvature redistribution without gap close-reopen in topological flat bands and ‘non-magic angle‘ TBG is a suitable platform for observing such a phenomenon. This work is published on Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 066301 (2023).

     

  • Time Reversal Even Charge Hall Effect from Twisted Interface Coupling
     

    Hall effect

    Caption: Time reversal even Hall current (red arrow) from twisted interfacial coupling with an environmental layer (gray surface). A counterflow Hall current is expected in the latter, by Onsager relation on the whole structure: system (Sys) layer + environment (Env) layer. The TR-even Hall voltage due to charge accumulation at the sample edges can be detected with a layer-resolved measurement. Adopted from Nature Communications 14, 1961 (2023).

     

    Hall effect, by a genuine definition, is charge current of the form jH = σH x E, in linear response to an electric field E. It is long believed that Hall effect is limited to systems with broken time reversal symmetry. All known contributions to the Hall conductivity σH transform odd under time reversal operation, with origin either from magnetic field or magnetic order. An evenly transformed σH (i.e., invariant) under time reversal operation is forbidden by the delicate Onsager reciprocal relation governing the linear responses. A fact often overlooked, however, is that Onsager relation was originally derived for isolated systems. In this work, we show the first scenario of having time reversal even charge Hall effect in a non-isolated system with time reversal symmetry. In absence of magnetic field or magnetic order, a structural chirality is required instead to comply with the nature of Hall current. These necessary conditions are naturally fulfilled in twisted van der Waals layered structures, where a monolayer constitutes the non-isolated 2D system, coupled via electron quantum tunneling with adjacent layers constituting its environment. In twisted bilayer graphene and twisted homobilayer transition metal dichalcogenides with a broad range of twist angles, we show giant Hall currents counterflowing in the double layer geometry, with Hall voltages measurable in a layer-resolved Hall bar setup. This work is published on Nature Communications 14, 1961 (2023).

     

  • Ferroelectricity in untwisted heterobilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides
     

    Ferroelectricity in untwisted heterobilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides

    Caption: (A) The two stacking types of our MoS2/WS2 heterobilayer. They can be identified using SHG mapping. The 0° stacking type shows strong, (bright green) SHG emission, whereas the 180° type shows very weak (nearly black) SHG emission. (B) The piezoelectric phase can be switched by applying a sufficiently large voltage to the material. The corresponding piezoelectric deformation hysteresis loop forms the typical butterfly shape. (C) The FTJ built from our material can be put into a high/low electrical resistance state by applying sufficiently large voltage. Adopted from SCIENCE 376, 973 (2022).

     

    We show that ferroelectricity can arise from the interaction of two vertically stacked 2D material layers, specifically MoS2 and WS2, even without any formation of moiré structures. The two monolayer materials by themselves are not ferroelectric in nature. In virtue of their structural similarity, we could grow the two materials together commensurately in a simple one-step Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) process. This allows us to fabricate a large number of heterostructures at once without the need for high-precision transfer techniques. The stacking angle between the two layers comes exclusively in 0° and 180° from our bottom up approach, which are the two stacking types that don’t create moiré superstructures. We have identified the two types using Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) mapping. The lack in vertical symmetry of the heterobilayer causes an internal polarization that allows for vertical piezoelectric deformation (~ 2 pmV-1). Moreover, a small amount of inter-layer sliding can reverse the internal polarization which leads to the appearance of ferroelectric switching. From the heterobilayer we built a simple Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction (FTJ) which can switch its electrical resistance magnitude based on prior poling. Our experimental output is supported by our Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations that are based on a dual-slab model where the ferroelectric is sandwiched by two conductive electrodes, where the bottom electrode has strong, and the top electrode weak interaction with the MoS2/WS2 layer, in accordance with the actual experimental setup where the top electrode was a movable conductive AFM tip. This work was published on SCIENCE 376, 973 (2022).

     

  • Chiral excitonics in 2D semiconductors on patterned dielectric superlattices
     

    Chiral excitonics in 2D semiconductors on patterned dielectric superlattices

    Caption: Caption: Nano-optical excitation can inject exciton flow with left-right directionality controlled by circular polarization and angular directionality controlled by location of the excitation. From Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 217402 (2022).

     

    Spin-momentum locking of light in one-dimensional nanophotonic confinements, combined with circularly polarized emitters, constitutes a chiral light-matter interface that opens the door to a whole new realm of chiral optical phenomena of fundamental importance. Here we discover a chiral interface in two-dimension, with the role of light now played by valley exciton Bloch wave in a monolayer semiconductor placed on patterned dielectric substrate (such as photonic crystal slab). With the periodic dielectric spatially modulating the electron-hole Coulomb exchange strength, exciton Bloch bands form, where the wavefunctions feature spatial texture of valley pseudospin that is pattern-locked to the propagation direction. The mesoscopic periodicity of such texture makes possible nano-optical excitation of directional exciton flow through the valley selection rule. The left-right directionality of exciton current is controlled by the circular polarization of excitation, while the angular directionality in the 2D plane is controlled by the excitation location, exhibiting a vortex pattern in a supercell. It points to unprecedented opportunities to explore non-reciprocal exciton manipulations and functionalities in a readily available system. This work was published on Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 217402 (2022).

     

  • Exciton mediated ferromagnetism
     

    Exciton mediated spin-spin interaction in moire superlattice

    Caption: Exciton mediated spin-spin interaction in moire superlattice (adopted from Nature 604, 468 (2022))

     

    The ability to tune many-body interactions would enable access and control correlated phases of matter. This work discovers that optical excitation can drastically tune the spin-spin interactions between moiré trapped carriers in WS2/WSe2 moiré superlattices, and thus result in long-range ferromagnetic order, otherwise absent in the dark condition. In dilute hole doping regime, reflective magnetic circular dichroism (RMCD) signal emerges at zero magnetic field with the increase of optical excitation power. Above a small threshold excitation power, RMCD signal vs magnetic field shows clear hysteresis loops, signature of a ferromagnetic order. Temperature dependent RMCD shows enhanced critical temperature at certain fractional fillings where Mott-Wigner states form, suggesting the ferromagnetic order is further stabilized with the formation of charge order. With the increase of hole filling to v = -1, RMCD shows a super-paramagnetic like response instead. Our theoretical model finds that the spin-spin exchange interaction between moiré trapped holes can be greatly enhanced by optically excited excitons. This exciton-mediated ferromagnetic interaction is of longer range than direct coupling between moiré trapped holes, and thus magnetic order can arise even in the dilute hole regime under optical excitation. Using realistic experimental parameters, the calculated exchange interaction strength is consistent with the value extracted from temperature dependent measurements. This discovery adds a new and dynamic tuning knob to the rich many-body Hamiltonian of moiré quantum matter, which opens the possibility to access and control the complex electronic phase diagrams on demand. The work was published on Nature 604, 468 (2022).

     

  • Bridging the gap between TMDCs and metals
     

    Bridging the gap between TMDCs and metals

     

    We developed a new strategy to achieve nearly barrier-free electrical contacts with few-layer TMDSCs. The carrier-injection efficiency is substantially increased with robust ohmic behaviors from room to cryogenic temperatures. We achieved ultra low contact resistance (down to 90 Ωµm in MoS2, towards the quantum limit) and ultra high field-effect mobility (up to 358,000 cm^2/Vs in WSe2). This work was published on Nat. Commun. 13, 1777 (2022).

     

  • Valley-Polarized Quantum Anomalous Hall State in Moiré MoTe2/WSe2 Heterobilayers
     

    Valley-Polarized Quantum Anomalous Hall State in Moire ́ MoTe2/WSe2 Heterobilayers

    Caption: The Berry curvature Ω(k) as a function of lattice momentum k in the moiré Brillouin zone. The Chern number C changes from 0 to 1 as the pseudo magnetic flux Φ of a moiré unit cell changes from 0 to 0.8 Φ0 where Φ0 denotes a flux quantum.

     

    Two-dimensional moiré superlattices have emerged as an ideal system to study the many-body interactions and correlated states. Recently, the quantum anomalous Hall phase was observed in MoTe2/WSe2 heterobilayers at half-filling (one hole per moiré unit cell) [Nature 600, 641 (2021)]. However, the moiré heterobilayers can be treated as a monolayer MoTe2 under the periodic moiré potential induced by the WSe2 layer, and the electronic states are presumably to be topologically trivial. Therefore, the mechanism behind the emergence of the topological phase is not known. In this work, we propose that the topologically nontrivial phase can be induced by the pseudo-magnetic fields caused by lattice relaxation.

     

    We point out that a periodically modulated pseudo-magnetic field breaks the intra-valley time-reversal symmetry and induce non-zero Chern numbers at each valley. At half-filling, the strong Coulomb interactions lift the valley degeneracy and induce a valley-polarized state, where the quantum anomalous Hall effect can be observed. Our theory identifies a new mechanism to achieve topologically nontrivial states and provides a basis for the study of other strongly correlated phases such as the fractional Chern insulating states in heterobilayer transition metal dichalcogenides. The work was published on Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 026402 (2022).

     

  • Computing quantum entanglement for 2D systems
     

    Computing quantum entanglement for 2D systems

    Caption: New way to compute the quantum entanglement with the non-equilibrium increment (“Qiu Ku”) algorithm, with the help of a pair of pants – Qiu Ku – topological unit and massive parallel computation.

     

    Quantum entanglement is the fundamental organizing principle of quantum matter. In particular, it is well-known that the scaling behavior of entanglement entropy (EE) provides deep insights into the structure of quantum states and gives universal invariants that can characterize phases and phase transitions. However, in 2D realistic models, the computation of EE is difficult due to the lack of a stable estimator, especially for the challenging lattice models with long-range interactions. Mr. Jiarui Zhao, Dr. Zheng Yan and Dr. Zi Yang Meng with their collaborators, developed a new nonequilibrium increment method, dubbed the "Qiu Ku" algorithm [see the Footnote] that makes use of the divide-and-conquer procedure of the nonequilibrium process to improve the speed of the simulation and the data quality of the entanglement measurement. They demonstrate the strength and versatility of the method with several challenging yet representative examples of 2D quantum many-body lattice models, in which the EEs are notoriously hard to obtain. At a conformally invariant 2D O(3) transition, the obtained EE exhibits universal scaling behavior of area law with logarithmic corner corrections. Furthermore, their results unambiguously reveal fundamental differences between the 2D deconfined quantum critical point and conventional quantum critical points. This work was published on Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 010601 (2022).

     

    Footnote: Qiu Ku is a Chinese word, where Qiu means autumn and Ku stands for a pair of pants. Literally Qiu Ku is a pair of trousers one wears when autumn arrives. In Chinese, Qiu Ku is more than a simple piece of clothing and expresses a nostalgia and sentiment in an affectionate way. In the present context, Qiu Ku is topologically equivalent to a pair of pants and it captures the manifold on which the partition function of the computation of 2nd Renyi EE is constructed.

     

  • Discovery of intrinsic high-temperature ferromagnetism in 2D vanadium diselenide
     

    Discovery of intrinsic high-temperature ferromagnetism in 2D vanadium diselenide

    Caption: Comparison of representative MCD signals in multilayer 1T- and 2H-VSe2 at room temperature and the phase diagram of thickness-dependent Curie temperature depicts paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition in 2H-VSe2 (adopted from ACS Nano 15, 16236 (2021)).

     

    2D van der Waals ferromagnets carry a potential for ultimately miniature spintronics and information storage devices. Among the identified 2D ferromagnets, all inherit the magnetic ordering from their bulk ancestors. Recently, HKU physicists and co-workers demonstrated the multilayer 2H-phase VSe2, a member of the transition metal dichalcogenides, as a 2D ferromagnetic semiconductor with Curie temperature high above room temperature. The ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature exists only at 2D form with the thickness thinner than 50 nm owing to the enhanced structural anisotropy. This unique 2D ferromagnetic semiconductor manifests an enhanced magnetic ordering owing to the enhanced structural anisotropy at 2D limit. The experiment results evidence the 2D 2H-phase vanadium diselenide a promising candidate for the long-sought semiconductor based spintronics. This work is published in ACS Nano 15, 16236 (2021).

     

  • Reconstruction and flat bands in twisted WSe2
     

    Reconstruction and flat bands in twisted WSe2

     

    We uncovered the interface reconstruction of twisted WSe2, which exhibits a strong dependence on the constituent layer number and twist angles. The competition between the interlayer interaction leads to rich superlattice motifs and strain modulation. The number of ultra-flat bands and spatial distribution of the wavefunctions match well with the theoretical predictions, providing a foundation for further study of correlated electronic phases. This work was published on Nat. Commun. 12, 5601 (2021).

     

  • Fractionalized conductivity at 2D topological phase transitions
     

    Fractionalized conductivity at 2D topological phase transitions

     

    The experimental discovery of the fractional Hall conductivity in two-dimensional electron gases revealed new types of quantum particles, called anyons, which are beyond bosons and fermions as they possess fractionalized exchange statistics. These anyons are usually studied deep inside an insulating topological phase. It is natural to ask whether such fractionalization can be detected more broadly, say near a phase transition from a conventional to a topological phase. To answer this question, we (Dr. Zi Yang Meng and collaborators Dr. Yan-Cheng Wang from Xuzhou, China, Dr. Meng Cheng from Yale and Dr. William Witczak-Krempa from Montreal) study a strongly correlated quantum phase transition between a topological state, called a Z2 quantum spin liquid, and a conventional superfluid using large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show that the universal conductivity at the quantum critical point becomes a simple fraction of its value at the conventional insulator-to-superfluid transition. Moreover, a dynamically self-dual optical conductivity emerges at low temperatures above the transition point, indicating the presence of the elusive vison particles. Our study opens the door for the experimental detection of anyons in a broader regime, and has ramifications in the study of quantum materials, programmable quantum simulators, and ultra-cold atomic gases. In the latter case, we discuss the feasibility of measurements in optical lattices using current techniques. The work was published on Nat. Commun. 12, 5347 (2021).

     

  • Model design and computation solution for quantum moiré systems
    Two-dimensional quantum moiré materials represent artificial superlattice structures realized in a van der Waals stack of two or more 2D atomic crystals, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, etc. The interplay between the quantum geometry of wavefunctions - as manifested in the distribution of Berry curvature, or fragile topology - and strong long-range Coulomb interactions, are the key ingredients for understanding the complex phase diagram of correlated states such as metal, insulator and superconductor in such materials. Z. Y. Meng and co-workers focus on model design and algorithmic developments to provide understanding of the correlation effect in such systems. They have performed quantum Monte Carlo simulations to reveal the phase diagram of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) at charge neutrality (PRX 11, 011014(2021)) and developed the momentum space Monte Carlo method that can solve the long-range Coulomb interactions in an unbiased manner (CPL 38, 077305 (2021)).

     

    quantum moiré systems

     

    Computation of Hall conductance via flux insertion in the quantum anomalous Hall phase of the twisted bilayer graphene lattice model (adopted from Nat Comm 12, 5480 (2021)).

    The experimental discovery of the fractional Hall conductivity in two-dimensional electron gases revealed new types of quantum particles, called anyons, which are beyond bosons and fermions as they possess fractionalized exchange statistics. These anyons are usually studied deep inside an insulating topological phase. It is natural to ask whether such fractionalization can be detected more broadly, say near a phase transition from a conventional to a topological phase. To answer this question, we (Dr. Zi Yang Meng and collaborators Dr. Yan-Cheng Wang from Xuzhou, China, Dr. Meng Cheng from Yale and Dr. William Witczak-Krempa from Montreal) study a strongly correlated quantum phase transition between a topological state, called a Z2 quantum spin liquid, and a conventional superfluid using large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show that the universal conductivity at the quantum critical point becomes a simple fraction of its value at the conventional insulator-to-superfluid transition. Moreover, a dynamically self-dual optical conductivity emerges at low temperatures above the transition point, indicating the presence of the elusive vison particles. Our study opens the door for the experimental detection of anyons in a broader regime, and has ramifications in the study of quantum materials, programmable quantum simulators, and ultra-cold atomic gases. In the latter case, we discuss the feasibility of measurements in optical lattices using current techniques. The work was published on Nat. Commun. 12, 5347 (2021).

    Recently, they employ the large-scale density matrix renormalization group computation on the lattice model for TBG at 3/4 filling containing the projected Coulomb interactions only, and succeeded in identifying a first-order quantum phase transition between the insulating stripe phase and the quantum anomalous Hall state with the Chern number of ± 1. These results not only shed light on the mechanism of the quantum anomalous Hall state discovered at three-quarters filling in the material, but also provide an example of the topological Mott insulator, i.e., the quantum anomalous Hall state in the strong coupling limit. This work is published in Nat Commun 12, 5480 (2021).
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KE Activities

  • 2022-23 HKU Science JSI Workshops - Exploring Wonders of Flatland in Physics
    Talk by Dr Dong-Keun Ki
    Date/Time: November 12, 2022 (Sat) 9:00pm-4:30pm
    Delivery: On campus
    Photos: https://www.scifac.hku.hk/photo-gallery/2223firstsemphy
    Have you ever wondered what would happen if materials become so thin and flat? Physicists have asked the same question for years and found various ways to explore such a "Flatland". Unlike how difficult it sounds, one can now get even only one-atom-thin layer using sticky tapes. We will talk about the wonders of such "flatlands" in physicists' viewpoint.

  • 2021-22 HKU Science JSI Workshops - Exploring Wonders of Flatland in Physics
    Talk by Dr Dong-Keun Ki
    Date/Time: October 23, 2021 (Sat) 1:30pm-3:15pm
    Delivery: Zoom
    Have you ever wondered what would happen if materials become so thin and flat? Physicists have asked the same question for years and found various ways to explore such a "Flatland". Unlike how difficult it sounds, one can now get even only one-atom-thin layer using sticky tapes. We will talk about the wonders of such "flatlands" in physicists' viewpoint.

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Special Seminars
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Publications

  • “Crossed nonlinear dynamical Hall effect in twisted bilayers”, C Chen, D Zhai, C Xiao, W Yao, Phys. Rev. Res., 6 (2024).

  • “Tuning the atomic and electronic structures of mirror twin boundaries in molecular beam epitaxy grown MoSe₂ monolayers via rhenium doping”, Z B Yu, Y P Xia, H P Komsa, J Q Zhang, M H Xie, C H Jin, 2D Mater., 11, 025010 (2024).

  • “Quantum criticality and entanglement for the two-dimensional long-range Heisenberg bilayer”, M H Song, J R Zhao, Y Qi, J C Rong, and Z Y Meng, Phys. Rev. B 109, L081114 (2024).

  • “Ubiquitous nematic Dirac semimetal emerging from interacting quadratic band touching systems”, H Y Lu, K Sun, Z Y Meng, and B B Chen, Phys. Rev. B 109, L081106 (2024).

  • “Interfacial magnetic spin Hall effect in van der Waals Fe₃GeTe₂MoTe₂ heterostructure.”, Y D Dai, J L Xiong, Y F Ge, B Cheng, L Z Wang, P F Wang, Z L Liu, S N Yan, C W Zhang, X H Xu, Y G Shi, S W Cheong, C Xiao, S A Yang, S J Liang, F Miao, Nat. Commun., 15, 1, 10. 1129 (2024).

  • “Ginzburg-Landau Theory of Flat-Band Superconductors with Quantum Metric”, S A Chen and K T Law, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 026002 (2024).

  • “Compensating losses in polariton propagation with synthesized complex frequency excitation.”, F X Guan, X D Guo, S Zhang, K B Zeng, Y Hu, C C Wu, S B Zhou, Y J Xiang, X X Yang, Q Dai, S Zhang, Nat. Mater., Early Access (2024).

  • “Deciphering the ultra-high plasticity in metal monochalcogenides.”, L W Wong, K Yang, W Han, X D Zheng, H Y Wong, C S Tsang, C S Lee, S P Lau, T H Ly, M Yang, J Zhao, Nat. Mater., Early Access (2024).

  • “Synthesized complex-frequency excitation for ultrasensitive molecular sensing.”, K Zeng, C Wu, X Guo, F Guan, Y Duan, LL Zhang, X Yang, N Liu, Q Dai, S Zhang, eLight 4, 1 (2024).

  • “Nonlinear transport and radio frequency rectification in BiTeBr at room temperature.”, X F Lu, C P Zhang, N Z Wang, D Zhao, X Zhou, W B Gao, X H Chen, K T Law, K P Loh, Nat. Commun., 15, 245 (2024).

  • “Dynamically tunable moiré exciton Rydberg states in a monolayer semiconductor on twisted bilayer graphene.”, M H He, J Q Cai, H Y Zheng, E Seewald, T Taniguchi, K Watanabe, J Q Yan, M Yankowitz, A Pasupathy, W Yao, X D Xu, Nat. Mater., Early Access(2024).

  • “Landau-Level Spectrum and the Effect of Spin-Orbit Coupling in Monolayer Graphene on Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.”, Q Rao, H X Xue, D K Ki, Phys. Status Solidi B-2300397 (2024).

  • “Scratching lithography, manipulation, and soldering of 2D materials using microneedle probes.”, Q Rao, G Y Gao, X Y Wang, H X Xue, D K Ki, AIP Adv., 14, 1, 7. 015333 (2024).

  • “Cross-dimensional valley excitons from Forster coupling in arbitrarily twisted stacks of monolayer semiconductors.”, C Li, W Yao, 2D Mater., 11, 015006 (2024).

  • “Extendable piezo/ferroelectricity in nonstoichiometric 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.”, Y Hu, L Rogée, W Z Wang, L Zhuang, F Y Shi, H Dong, S H Cai, B K Tay, S P Lau, Nat. Commun., 14, 8470 (2023).

  • “Transient measurement of near-field thermal radiation between macroscopic objects.”, S Zhang, Y D Dang, X R Li, Y X Li, Y Jin, P K Choudhury, J B Xu, Y G Ma, Nanoscale, 16, 1167-1175 (2024).

  • “Correlating Young's Modulus with High Thermal Conductivity in Organic Conjugated Small Molecules.”, J H Zeng, T Liang, J J Zhang, D Q Liu, S Li, X H Lu, M Han, Y M Yao, J B Xu, R Sun, L J Li, Small, 11. (2023).

  • “Phase-Controlled Growth of 1T'-MoS₂ Nanoribbons on 1H-MoS₂ Nanosheets.”, Y J Wang, W Zhai, Y Ren, Q H Zhang, Y Yao, S Y Li, Q Yang, X C Zhou, Z J Li, B L Chi, J Z Liang, Z He, L Gu, H Zhang, Adv. Mater., 230726 (2023).

  • “Quantitative analysis of polarization behaviors of trion states in monolayer WS₂ in a magnetic field.”, Z J Jin, B K Li, G H Cheng, C J Zhou, H Li, and J N Wang, Phys. Rev. Applied. 20.064023 (2023).

  • “Concept for a fractional energy barrier tunneling junction.”, Y C Chen, D K Ki, Z B Li, J Chen, Appl. Phys. Lett., 123, 243503 (2023).

  • “Epitaxial Growth of 1D Te/2D MoSe₂ Mixed-Dimensional Heterostructures for High-Efficient Self-Powered Photodetector.”, J W You, Z J Jin, Y Y Li, T Kang, K A Zhang, W L Wang, M Y Xu, Z L Gao, J N Wang, J K Kim, Z T Luo, Adv. Funct. Mater., 202311134 (2023).

  • “Radiative thermal coats for passive temperature management.”, Y D Dang, Y Zhou, Y X Li, S Zhang, X R Li, Y Jin, P K Choudhury, J B Xu, Y G Ma, Appl. Phys. Lett., 123, 222201 (2023).

  • “Axion insulator state in hundred-nanometer-thick magnetic topological insulator sandwich heterostructures.”, D Y Zhuo, Z J Yan, Z T Sun, L J Zhou, Y F Zhao, R X Zhang, R B Mei, H Yi, K Wang, M H W Chan, C X Liu, K T Law, C Z Chang, Nat. Commun., 14, 7596 (2023).

  • “A Mechanisms of temperature-dependent thermal transport in amorphous silica from machine-learning molecular dynamics.”, T Liang, P H Ying, K Xu, Z Q Ye, C Ling, Z Y Fan, J B Xu, Phys. Rev. B, 108, 184203 (2023).

  • “Arbitrary Wireless Energy Distribution within an Epsilon Near-zero Environment.”, Q D Yang, Y Wang, J H Shi, C X Liu, S Zhang, Laser Photon. Rev., 202300631 (2023).

  • “Tunable Kerker Scattering in a Self-Coupled Polaritonic Metasurface.”, F H Shen, Y Q Zhou, J W Ma, J P Zheng, J F Wang, Z F Chen, J B Xu, Laser Photon. Rev., 202300584 (2023).

  • “Bulk-local-density-of-state correspondence in topological insulators.”, B Y Xie, R W Huang, S Y Jia, Z M Lin, J Z Hu, Y Jiang, S J Ma, P Zhan, M H Lu, Z L Wang, Y F Chen, S Zhang, Nat. Commun., 14, 7347 (2023).

  • “Concentric gradient nanoplasmonic sensors for detecting tumor-derived extracellular vesicles.”, H T Feng, S Y Min, Y Q Huang, Z F Gan, C W Liang, W D Li, Y Chen, Sens. Actuator B-Chem., 400, 134899 (2024).

  • “Caution on Gross-Neveu criticality with a single Dirac cone: Violation of locality and its consequence of unexpected finite-temperature transition.”, Y D Liao, X Y Xu, Z Y Meng, Y Qi, Phys. Rev. B, 108, 195112 (2023).

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  • “Network-Initialized Monte Carlo Based on Generative Neural Networks” , H Lu, C Li, B Chen, W Li, Y Qi, Z Meng, Chin. Phys. Lett., 39, 050701 (2022).

  • “Light-induced ferromagnetism in moire superlattices” , X Wang, X Xiao, H Park, J Zhu, C Wang, T Taniguchi, K Watanabe, J Yan, D Xiao, D Gamelin, W Yao, X Xu, Nature, 604, 468, (2022).

  • “Salt-Assisted 2H-to-1T ' Phase Transformation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides” , Z Lai, Y Yao, S Li, L Ma, Q Zhang, Y Ge, W Zhai, B Chi, B Chen, L Li, L Wang, Z Zheng, L Gu, Y Du, H Zhang, Adv. Mater., 34, 2201194 (2022).

  • “Hybridization of 2D Nanomaterials with 3D Graphene Architectures for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion” , Q Yun, Y Ge, B Chen, L Li, Q Wa, H Long, H Zhang, Adv. Funct. Mater., 32, 2202319 (2022).

  • “Exciton Proliferation and Fate of the Topological Mott Insulator in a Twisted Bilayer Graphene Lattice Model” , X Lin, B Chen, W Li, Z Meng, T Shi, Phys. Rev. Lett., 128, 157201 (2022).

  • “Nematic Quantum Criticality in Dirac Systems” , J Schwab, L Janssen, K Sun, Z Meng, I Herbut, M Vojta, F Assaad, Phys. Rev. Lett., 128, 157203 (2022).

  • “Solving quantum rotor model with different Monte Carlo techniques” , W Jiang, G Pan, Y Liu, Z Meng, Chinese Physics B., 31, 040504 (2022).

  • “Spatial modulation of nanopattern dimensions by combining interference lithography and grayscale-patterned secondary exposure” , Z Gan, H Feng, L Chen, S Min, C Liang, M Xu, Z Jiang, Z Sun, C Sun, D Cui, W Li, Light Sci. Appl., 11, 89 (2022).

  • “van der Waals epitaxial growth and high-temperature ferrimagnetism in ultrathin crystalline magnetite (Fe3O4) nanosheets” , Y Xue, H Liu, Y Zhang, S Lin, S Lau, J. Mater. Chem. C, 10, 7058-7065 (2022).

  • “Bridging the gap between atomically thin semiconductors and metal leads” , X Cai, Z Wu, X Han, Y Chen, S Xu, J Lin, T Han, P He, X Feng, L An, R Shi, J Wang, Z Ying, Y Cai, M Hua, J Liu, D Pan, C Cheng, N Wang, Nature Comm., 13, 1777 (2022) .

  • “Ultrafast control of moiré pseudo-electromagnetic field in homobilayer semiconductors” , D Zhai, W Yao, Natural Sciences, 2, e20210101 (2022).

  • “Phase-controlled epitaxial growth of MoTe2: Approaching high-quality 2D Mater. for electronic devices with low contact resistance” , L Tao, Y Zhou, J Xu, J. Appl. Phys., 131, 110902 (2022).

  • “Dynamical properties of collective excitations in twisted bilayer graphene” , G Pan, X Zhang, H Li, K Sun, Z Meng, Phys. Rev. B., 105, L121110 (2022).

  • “Possible Dirac quantum spin liquid in the kagome quantum antiferromagnet YCu₃(OH)₆Br₂[Br𝑥(OH)₁-𝑥]” , Z Zeng, X Ma, S Wu, H Li, Z Tao, X Lu, X Chen, J Mi, S Song, G Cao, G Che, K Li, G Li, H Luo, Z Meng, S Li, Phys. Rev. B., 105, L121109 (2022).

  • “Dynamical exponent of a quantum critical itinerant ferromagnet: A Monte Carlo study” , Y Liu, W Jiang, A Klein, Y Wang, K Sun, A Chubukov, Z Meng, Phys. Rev. B., 105, L041111 (2022).

  • “Berry connection polarizability tensor and third-order Hall effect” , H Liu, J Zhao, Y Huang, X Feng, C Xiao, W Wu, S Lai, W Gao, S Yang, Phys. Rev. B., 105, 045118 (2022).

  • “Two-dimensional material-based virus detection” , W Wang, W Zhai, Y Chen, Q He, H Zhang, Sci. China Chem., 65, 497-513 (2022).

  • “Ferroelectricity in untwisted heterobilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides”, L. Rogee, L. Wang, Y. Zhang, S. Cai, P. Wang, M. Chhowalla, W. Ji, S.P. Lau, SCIENCE 376, 973 (2022).

  • “Chiral Excitonics in Monolayer Semiconductors on Patterned Dielectrics”, X. Yang, H. Yu, W. Yao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 217402 (2022).

  • “Strong coupling in two-dimensional materials-based nanostructures: a review”, Y. Qing, Y. Ren, D. Lei, H. Ma, and T. Cui, J. of Optics 24, 024009 (2022).

  • “Scaling of Entanglement Entropy at Deconfined Quantum Criticality”, J. Zhao, Y. Wang, Z. Yan, M. Cheng, and Z. Meng, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 010601 (2022).

  • “Valley-Polarized QAH State in Moiré MoTe₂/WSe₂ Heterobilayers", Y. Xie, C. Zhang, J. Hu, K. Mak, and K. T. Law, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 026402 (2022).

  • “Intrinsic Second-Order Anomalous Hall Effect and Its Application in Compensated Antiferromagnets” , H Liu, J Zhao, Y Huang, W Wu, X Sheng, C Xiao, S Yang, Phys. Rev. Lett., 127, 277202 (2021).

  • “Conserved current of nonconserved quantities” , C Xiao, Q Niu, Phys. Rev. B., 104, L241411 (2021).

  • “Wet-chemical synthesis and applications of amorphous metal-containing nanomaterials”, J Liang, Y Ge, Z He, Q Yun, G Liu, S Lu, L Zhai, B Huang, H Zhang, Nano Res. (2021)

  • “Scaling of the disorder operator at (2+1)d U(1) quantum criticality” , Y Wang, M Cheng, Z Meng, Phys. Rev. B., 104, L081109 (2021).

  • “Recent developments in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides: phase transition and applications of the (quasi-)metallic phases” , X Yin, C Tang, Y Zheng, J Gao, J Wu, H Zhang, M Chhowalla, W Chen, A Wee, Chem. Soc. Rev., 50, 10087-10115 (2021).

  • “Optically Reconfigurable Spin-Valley Hall Effect of Light in Coupled Nonlinear Ring Resonator Lattice” , H Yang, J Xu, Z Xiong, X Lu, R Zhang, H Li, Y Chen, S Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett., 127, 043904 (2021).

  • “Nanodots Derived from Layered Materials: Synthesis and Applications” , W Zhai, T Xiong, Z He, S Lu, Z Lai, Q He, C Tan, H Zhang, Adv. Mater., 33, 2006661 (2021).

  • “Chemical Vapor Deposition of Superconducting FeTe1-xSex Nanosheets” , D Hu, C Ye, X Wang, X Zhao, L Kang, J Liu, R Duan, X Cao, Y He, J Hu, S Li, Q Zeng, Y Deng, P Yin, A Ariando, Y Huang, H Zhang, X Wang, Z Liu, Nano Lett., 21, 5338-5344 (2021).

  • “Amplitude Mode in Quantum Magnets via Dimensional Crossover” , C Zhou, Z Yan, H Wu, K Sun, Q Starykh, Z Meng, Phys. Rev. Lett., 126, 227201 (2021).

  • “In Situ Ultrafast and Patterned Growth of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides from Inkjet-Printed Aqueous Precursors” , X Wan, X Miao, J Yao, S Wang, F Shao, S Xiao, R Zhan, K Chen, X Zeng, X Gu, J Xu, Adv. Mater., 33, 2100260 (2021).

  • “Waveguiding valley excitons in monolayer TMDs by dielectric interfaces in the substrate”, X. Yang, H. Yu, and W. Yao, Phys. Rev. B 104, 245305 (2021).

  • “Edge state in AB-stacked bilayer graphene and its correspondence with the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger ladder”, T. Tan, C. Li, and W. Yao, Phys. Rev. B 104, 245419 (2021).

  • “Multiplexed Generation of Generalized Vortex Beams with On‐Demand Intensity Profiles Based on Metasurfaces”, X. Zhang, L. Huang, R. Zhao, Q. Wei, X. Li, G. Geng, J. Li, X. Li, and Y. Wang, Laser Photonics Rev. 16, 2100451 (2021).

  • “Excitons and emergent quantum phenomena in stacked 2D semiconductors”, N. Wilson, W. Yao, J. Shan, and X. Xu, Nature 599, 383 (2021).

  • “Long-range directional routing and spatial selection of high spin-purity valley trion emission in monolayer WS₂”, P. Chen, Z. Li, Y. Qi, T. Lo, S. Wang, W. Jin, S. Fan, A. Zayats, and D. Lei, ACS Nano 15, 18163 (2021).

  • “Investigation on the Fano-type asymmetry in atomic semiconductor coupled to the plasmonic lattice”, F. Shen, Z. Chen, L. Tao, B. Sun, X. Xu, J. Zheng, and J. Xu, ACS Photon. 8, 12, 3583 (2021).

  • “Twist versus heterostrain control of optical properties of moiré exciton minibands”, H. Zheng, D. Zhai, and W. Yao, 2D Mater. 8 044016 (2021).

  • “Topological superconductivity in EuS/Au/superconductor heterostructures”, Y. M. Xie, K. T. Law, and P. A. Lee, Phys. Rev. Res. 3, 043086 (2021).

  • "Moiré trions in MoSe₂/WSe₂ heterobilayers", X. Wang, J. Zhu, K. Seyler, P. Rivera, H. Zheng, Y. Wang, M. He, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, J. Yan, D. Mandrus, D. Gamelin, W. Yao and X. Xu, Nat. Nanotechnol. 16, 1208 (2021).

  • “Ferromagnetism in 2D Vanadium Diselenide”, X. Wang, D. Li, Z. Li, C. Wu, C. Che, G. Chen, and X. Cui, ACS Nano, 15,16236 (2021).

  • “Lattice reconstruction induced multiple ultra-flat bands in twisted bilayer WSe₂”, E. Li, J. Hu, X. Feng, Z. Zhou, L. An, K. Law, N. Wang, and N. Lin, Nat. Commun. 12, 5601 (2021).

  • "Realization of topological Mott insulator in a twisted bilayer graphene lattice model", B. Chen, Y. Liao, Z. Chen, O. Vafek, J. Kang, W. Li, and Z. Meng, Nat. Commun. 12, 5480 (2021).

  • “Fractionalized conductivity and emergent self-duality near topological phase transitions”, Y. Wang, M. Cheng, W. Witczak-Krempa, and Z. Meng, Nat. Commun. 12, 5347 (2021).

  • “Integrated terahertz generator manipulators using epsilon near zero hybrid nonlinear metasurfaces”, Y. Lu, X. Feng, Q. Wang, X. Zhang, M. Fang, W. Sha, Z. Huang, Q. Xu, L. Niu, X. Chen, C. Ouyang, Y. Yang, X. Zhang, E. Plum, S. Zhang, J. Han, and W. Zhang, Nano Lett. 21, 7699 (2021).

  • “Revealing the non-adiabatic and non-Abelian multiple-band effects via anisotropic valley Hall conduction in BLG”, C. Li, M. W. Tu, and W. Yao, 2D Mater. 8 045012 (2021).

  • “Observation of Diffusion and Drift of the Negative Trions in ML WS₂”, G. Cheng, B. Li, Z. Jin, M. Zhang, and J. Wang, Nano Lett. 21, 6314 (2021).

  • “Self-Assembly of 2D Nanosheets into 1D Nanostructures for Sensing NO₂”, J. Zha, Z. Yuan, Z. Zhou, Y. Li, J. Zhao, Z. Zeng, L. Zhen, H. Tai, C. Tan, and H. Zhang, Small Structures 2, 2100067 (2021).

  • “Momentum space quantum Monte Carlo on twisted bilayer graphene”, X. Zhang, G. Pan, Y. Zhang, J. Kang, and Z. Meng, Chin. Phys. Lett. 38 077305 (2021).

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Relevant Previous Achievements

  • Valley optoelectronics in 2D semiconductors
    W. Yao and co-workers have made two fundamental predictions for addressing and exploiting electron's valley degree of freedom in 2D semiconductors: valley optical selection rule (Phys. Rev. B 77, 235406 (2008); Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 196802 (2012)), and valley Hall effect (Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 236809 (2007)). The valley optical selection rule allows valley-selective and valley-coherent optical transitions by polarized light. X. Cui's group is one of the first to demonstrate experimentally the optically pumped valley polarization in monolayer semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs; Nature Nano. 7, 490 (2012)). This selection rule has made possible the initialization and detection of valley polarization, enabling a series of experimental milestones on valley controls. The valley Hall effect, in which electrical field generates transverse topological valley current, has also been observed by various groups in graphene and TMDs. These advances have paved the way towards the exploitation of valley for versatile functionalities in future optoelectronics.


  • Quantum Transport from high-quality devices of atomically thin semiconductors
    N. Wang's group has developed an effective method to establish low-temperature Ohmic contacts in boron nitride encapsulated atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) semiconductors. This method works for most extensively studied TMDs in recent years, including MoS2, MoSe2, WSe2, WS2, and 2H-MoTe2. Low electrical contact resistance and ultrahigh mobility are achieved at cryogenic temperatures. All of the few-layer TMD devices studied show excellent performance with remarkably improved field-effect mobilities (2D Mater. 3, 021007 (2016)). Based on the high quality TMD devices fabricated by this method, they have observed a number of interesting quantum transport phenomena. For example, they first observed intrinsic valley Hall transport in the non-centrosymmetric monolayer and trilayer MoS2, which survives even at room temperature. (Nature Comm. 10, 611 (2019)). In MoS2, they probed many-body interaction effects and unambiguously determined the density-dependent valley susceptibility and the interaction enhanced g-factor. Near integer ratios of Zeeman-to-cyclotron energies, they discovered LL anticrossings due to the formation of quantum Hall Ising ferromagnets (Nano Lett. 19, 1736 (2019)).


  • Moiré excitons in 2D semiconductor layered structures
    Moiré pattern is the superlattice structure created when 2D materials are stacked with crystallographic misalignment resulting in spatial variation in the interlayer atomic registries. The creation of long-wavelength moiré pattern is becoming a powerful approach to engineer the electronic and optical properties of van der Waals structures of 2D materials. W. Yao's group has pioneered the theory of interlayer valley excitons in the moiré superlattice of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, where the spatially varying atomic registries lead to anomalous light cones in the momentum space (Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 187002 (2015)), and nanoscale patterning in the real space of the excitonic optical dipole and energy landscape (Science Adv. 3, e1701696 (2017), 2D Mater. 5, 035021 (2018)). Such a radically new exciton system can be exploited as electrically programmable arrays of quantum emitters and strongly spin-orbit coupled excitonic superlattice. Evidences of the moiré exciton features were recently reported by many experimental works (c.f. Nature 567, 66 (2019), and other reports in the same issue).


  • Epitaxial TMDs and other 2D materials
    M.H. Xie and co-workers were among the first to realize epitaxial single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (SL-TMD) on macroscopic scale by the MBE method. They discovered the unusual dense networks of mirror-twin domain boundaries (MTBs) that hosted the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 066105 (2014); New J. Phys. 17, 053023 (2015); Nano Letters 20, 2094 (2020)). By employing low-temperature STM/S, they unveiled quasi-particle interference in SL-WSe2 (Nature Comm. 6, 8180 (2015)), evidencing long spin and valley lifetime in the system. Different phases of TMD single-layers were controllably obtained with potential application promises (ACS Nano 11, 3282 (2017); 2D Mater. 8 015006 (2020)). Besides SL-TMDs, other 2D systems were explored, e.g., epitaxial SL-P, in which an unusual metal-phosphorous network was unveiled (Matter 2, 111 (2020)).


  • Electrochemical exfoliation of 2D nanosheets
    In 2011, H. Zhang's group pioneered the electrochemical lithium ion-intercalation and exfoliation method to prepare single-layer MoS2, WS2, TiS2, TaS2, ZrS2 and graphene nanosheets, and achieved the 92% yield of single-layer MoS2 (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 50, 11093-11097 (2011)). Later, by changing the cut-off voltage and discharge current in the synthesis process, few-layer-thick BN, NbSe2, WSe2, Sb2Se3 and Bi2Te3 were also prepared (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 51, 9052-9056 (2012)). It is worth mentioning that the traditional chemical ion-intercalation and exfoliation method, which uses n-butyl lithium in hexane as the intercalation agent, is carried out at high temperature (e.g., 100 °C) for long time (e.g., 3 days) and lacks the controllability over the intercalation amount of lithium. Incomplete lithium intercalation will lead to low-yield preparation of single-layer nanosheets. Our developed electrochemical lithium ion-intercalation and exfoliation method for the high-yield preparation of single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) nanosheets can be easily conducted at room temperature within 6 h. In addition, the Li insertion in TMDs can be monitored and finely controlled in the battery testing system, and the galvanostaic discharge can be stopped at a proper Li content to avoid decomposition of the intercalated compounds.


  • 1T'-phase transition metal dichalcogenides
    Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with unconventional phases have attracted increasing research interests due to their unique structures and fascinating phase-dependent properties, which are highly desirable across many fundamental and practical research fields. H. Zhang and co-workers have developed a universal synthetic methodology for the preparation of a series of high-quality unconventional metastable 1T' phase group VIB transition metal dichalcogenides, including MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, WSe2, MoS2xSe2(1-x) and WS2xSe2(1-x) (Nat. Chem. 10, 638 (2018); Nat. Mater. doi: 10.1038/s41563-021-00971-y (2021)). Based on the high-quality crystals, for the first time, they have successfully solved the single crystal structures of 1T'-MoS2, 1T'-MoSe2, 1T'-WS2 and 1T'-WSe2, providing a robust research platform for future research in a variety of fields. For example, based on the high phase purity 1T'-MoS2, they have revealed the role of crystal phases of TMD-based catalyst in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (Nat. Chem. 10, 638 (2018)), and for the first time, discovered the in-plane anisotropy in electrocatalysis based on the orientation of crystal lattice of 1T'-MoS2 (Adv. Mater. 31, 1807764 (2019)). Most recently, H. Zhang and co-workers have discovered the thickness-dependent intrinsic superconductivity in 1T'-WS2, showing critical transition temperatures from 8.6 K for the thickness of 90.1 nm to 5.7 K for the single-layer 1T'-WS2, indicating the potential of unconventional phase nanomaterials in condensed matter physics (Nat. Mater. doi: 10.1038/s41563-021-00971-y (2021)).

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Updated on 31 May 2022